Ancient Agricultural Practices: Lessons in Sustainability and Power

In dozens of archaeological discoveries around the world, ancient civilizations are revealing how they coped with climate change and unsustainable farming practices. From the resilient Zuni farmers in the U.S. to the innovative agricultural techniques of the Maya in Mexico and Central America, these ancient practices are gaining new interest today.

Ancient techniques like small-scale irrigation systems, intercropping, and controlled burns are being rediscovered and implemented to combat today’s climate challenges. For example, drought-stricken farmers in Spain are using medieval Moorish irrigation technology, while Texas ranchers are turning to ancient cover cropping methods.

However, it’s not just about adopting ancient practices blindly. The historical context and power dynamics behind these practices are crucial. Agricultural sustainability is not just about soil and crops but also about sovereignty and politics.

For example, the Maya milpa farmers in Mexico faced challenges from modern development and land privatization policies that threaten their traditional practices. Similarly, the ancient chinampa agriculture in central Mexico is under threat from urban expansion and informal settlements.

Even in the Andean raised fields, the revival efforts were met with resistance from farmers who saw the practice as a historical labor exploitation tool rather than a sustainable farming technique.

While reclaiming ancestral farming techniques is a step towards sustainable food systems, it’s essential to understand the historical and political context behind these practices. Ancient agricultural practices can either reinforce social inequalities or create more equitable food systems, depending on how they are used.

As countries face unprecedented climate challenges, learning from ancient civilizations’ successes and failures can provide valuable insights into building more sustainable and equitable food systems for the future.